🇺🇸 Introduction to American Politics

Course Overview - Dr. Marcus Bennett

Welcome to POL 101: American Politics

Welcome to our introductory course on American politics! Over the semester, we'll explore the foundations, structures, and dynamics of the American political system. Today's lecture provides a roadmap of what we'll cover throughout the course.

This overview introduces key concepts we'll explore in depth during the semester. Consider this your guide to the American political landscape—we'll fill in the details week by week as the course progresses.

Course Objectives

🏛️ The Structure of American Government

To understand American politics, we must first understand the system it operates within. The United States government was designed with specific structures that both enable and constrain political action.

In Weeks 2-4, we'll examine the constitutional design of American government, including the three branches, checks and balances, and federalism. We'll analyze how this 18th-century framework operates in the 21st century.

📝 Legislative Branch

Congress (Senate & House) makes the laws

Coming in Week 2: Congressional structure, powers, elections, and lawmaking processes

👑 Executive Branch

President and administration enforce the laws

Coming in Week 3: Presidential powers, the Cabinet, federal agencies, and policy implementation

⚖️ Judicial Branch

Supreme Court and federal courts interpret the laws

Coming in Week 4: Court structure, judicial review, and the politics of court appointments

🧩 Federalism: The Vertical Distribution of Power

American government isn't just divided across branches—it's also divided across levels, creating a complex system where national, state, and local governments share power and responsibilities.

In Week 5, we'll explore federalism in depth, examining how power is distributed between levels of government and how this affects policy implementation and political strategy.

🏛️ Federal Responsibilities

National defense, foreign policy, interstate commerce, currency

🏙️ State Responsibilities

Education, highways, state courts, professional licensing

🏡 Local Responsibilities

Police, schools, parks, zoning, waste management

🏎️ Politics: The Driver of Government

If government is the engine, politics is the driver—determining direction, speed, and priorities. Politics encompasses how people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.

Weeks 6-8 will focus on political parties, elections, and interest groups—the forces that drive governmental action and determine who holds power.

🗣️ The Two-Party System

🔵 Democratic Party

Generally favors more active government role in economy and society

Coming in Week 6: Party history, coalition, and current platform

🔴 Republican Party

Generally favors limited government and traditional social values

Coming in Week 6: Party history, coalition, and current platform

🗓️ Elections

Coming in Week 7: We'll examine electoral systems, campaign finance, voting behavior, and how elections translate public opinion into governmental action.

🎭 Key Political Actors Beyond Government

Politics involves more than just elected officials. Several other entities significantly influence how politics drives government.

In Week 8, we'll analyze how interest groups, media, and other non-governmental actors shape the political process and policy outcomes.

💼 Interest Groups

Organizations advocating for specific policies or industries

📱 Media

Traditional and social media shaping public opinion and political narratives

💰 Money in Politics

Campaign finance, PACs, and their influence on policy

📊 Public Opinion and Political Behavior

Politics ultimately reflects the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of citizens. How do Americans develop their political views? How and why do they participate in politics?

Weeks 9-10 will explore public opinion formation, political socialization, and various forms of political participation beyond voting.

🧠 Opinion Formation

How citizens develop political beliefs and attitudes

👪 Political Socialization

The role of family, education, peers, and media

Political Participation

Voting, campaigning, protesting, and other forms of engagement

⚔️ Policy and Governance

The ultimate purpose of politics is to produce policies that address public problems. How does the American system translate political competition into governance?

Weeks 11-13 will focus on major policy areas, examining how political dynamics shape policy outcomes in different domains.

Major Policy Domains We'll Explore:

💵 Economic Policy

Taxation, spending, regulation, and trade

🏥 Social Policy

Healthcare, education, welfare programs

🌎 Foreign Policy

International relations, defense, trade agreements

🌊 Current Challenges in American Politics

American politics faces several contemporary challenges that test the resilience and effectiveness of its institutions.

In Week 14, we'll analyze current political dynamics including polarization, institutional strain, and demographic changes shaping American politics.

🧱 Polarization

Growing ideological division between parties and citizens

⚖️ Democratic Institutions

Challenges to electoral systems and government structures

🔮 Changing Demographics

How population shifts are reshaping political coalitions

📚 Course Schedule Overview

Week 1: Introduction to American Politics

Course overview and framework for understanding American politics

Reading: Textbook Chapter 1

Weeks 2-4: Constitutional Structure

The three branches, separation of powers, and constitutional foundations

Reading: Textbook Chapters 2-5

Week 5: Federalism

Federal, state, and local government relations

Reading: Textbook Chapter 6

Weeks 6-8: Political Processes

Parties, elections, interest groups, and media

Reading: Textbook Chapters 7-9

Weeks 9-10: Public Opinion and Participation

How citizens develop and express political views

Reading: Textbook Chapters 10-11

Weeks 11-13: Policy Domains

Economic, social, and foreign policy

Reading: Textbook Chapters 12-14

Week 14: Contemporary Challenges

Current issues in American politics

Reading: Textbook Chapter 15 & supplemental readings

Week 15: Review and Conclusions

Synthesis of course themes and final discussions

Reading: Review all materials

📝 Course Requirements

Attendance & Participation

20% of final grade

Regular attendance and active participation in class discussions

Midterm Exam

25% of final grade

Covering material from Weeks 1-7

Research Paper

25% of final grade

8-10 page analysis of a current political issue

Final Exam

30% of final grade

Comprehensive, with emphasis on material after midterm

🔍 Why Study American Politics?

As we begin this journey together, it's worth considering why the study of American politics matters—regardless of your major or career plans.

🧠 Informed Citizenship

Understanding how your government works is essential for meaningful civic participation

💡 Critical Thinking

Political analysis develops skills in evaluating arguments, evidence, and media messages

🌐 Contextual Knowledge

Politics shapes countless aspects of society, from business to healthcare to education

Throughout this course, we'll connect abstract concepts to real-world events and your lived experiences. Politics isn't just what happens in Washington—it affects your daily life in countless ways.

Questions to Consider

As we move through the semester, keep these broader questions in mind: